Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neuro-behavioral developmental disorder. ADHD typically emerges in children before they are 7 years old. A child with ADHD demonstrates persistent inattention, impulsiveness and activity. Literally put, an ADHD child finds it difficult to sit still and focus. The symptoms are highly noticeable in the classroom atmosphere where teachers require students to stay in their seats and listen. Studies show that stimulants are an effective treatment of ADHD, but the long-term efficacy is not supported. Behavioral therapy and reinforcement can provide ADHD children with coping mechanisms that will carry them into adulthood, allowing them to function socially.

ADHD is a chronic condition, often affecting individuals into adulthood. While the incidence of ADHD is higher in boys than in girls, it does affect girls as well. Children with ADHD learn coping mechanisms as they mature, allowing them to compensate for their disorder. Research by the American Academy of Pediatrics indicates that stimulants are generally a safe method for treating ADHD; adults may self-medicate with heavily caffeinated beverages such as soda, coffee, tea or espresso. Long-term studies promoting the efficacy of drug treatment is not available.

Ritalin is often the drug of choice for school-aged children, but it is only effective for so long. As stated above, the long-term efficacy of stimulant treatment remains undocumented. Behavioral therapy is required to teach ADHD children coping methods that will help them manage their disorder as adults. Behavioral therapy often requires adjustment by the primary caregivers as well as the child in order to modify expectations, create a support structure and bolster the child when he falters.

The incidence of reported cases of ADHD spiked in the late '70s and early '80s, due in part to changing cultural expectations. After all, the motto "boys will be boys" remains an explanation for the nature of roughhousing, easily distracted and hyper male children. By the late '70s and early '80s, higher concentrations of urban living, the development of television habits and video games meant that kids were spending more time indoors and less time burning off excess energy in play. Latch-key children did not go out to play after school but rather went home and locked themselves inside. Child snatchings during the early '80s forced parents in heavily urban areas to no longer let younger children play at will anywhere.

The primary prescription treatment for ADHD is Ritalin. The drug affects chemicals in the nerves and brain that deal with impulse control and hyperactivity. Ritalin is considered a mild stimulant. Prescriptions for Ritalin help promote an overall treatment program that includes social, psychological and educational training. Ritalin is typically only effective for three to four years before the dosage amount exceeds safety. Ritalin should not be taken without a physician's knowledge and prescription and should only be used as prescribed.

Children younger than 6 years of age should not take Ritalin. Long-term use of Ritalin or other ADHD drugs may slow a child's growth. Children with serious heart problems or defects should not take Ritalin. ADHD medications should never be self-prescribed and ADHD should not be self-diagnosed. Always consult with a physician before medicating a child.